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Health
Associations
American Kratom Association: Definition, Vendors, Ceritification, Standards, Advocacy The American Kratom Association (AKA), established in 2014, serves as a fervent advocate for kratom users across the United States. This organization's primary goal is comprehensive legalization and regulation of domestically produced kratom, a tree native to Southeast Asia. Much of the association's work centers on dispelling myths about kratom and advocating for user rights, focusing largely on ensuring the safety and purity of kratom products through mandatory and rigorous third-party testing. AKA works ardently to generate a list of approved kratom vendors, these vendors have all gone through its strict vetting...
How much to take
How much kratom to take? The appropriate dosage of kratom, more often encountered by users in form of capsules, can be somewhat of an enigma. This is largely due to the variable nature in which the body metabolizes the drug. Users new to kratom should commence with a low dosage and gradually increase it until they find their sweet spot where the desired effects are generated without any adverse reactions. Understanding the body, awareness of symptoms, and a gradual approach is the key to identifying the optimal number of kratom capsules for individual users. The dosage primarily hinges on a...
Dopamine
How does kratom affect dopamine levels? Kratom affects dopamine levels by altering the reuptake process. In individuals with kratom addiction, there is less dopamine reuptake compared to those without a substance use disorder. According to study by Zainudin N, Zulkifli N, Abdul Hamid K, et al. (August 10, 2023) A Pilot Study of the Striatal Dopamine Transporter, the reduction in dopamine reuptake results in higher levels of dopamine in the brain, which may contribute to kratom's addictive properties and its impact on the dopamine-driven reward system. The study test subjects demographic data below: Â Kratom-dependent mean (SD) Healthy control mean...
Pharmacology
Pharmacology of kratom Th Pharmacology of kratom includes 54 different alkaloids. These comprise speciociliatine, paynantheine, corynantheidine, mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-HMG), mitraphylline, rhynchophylline, mitralactonal, raubasine, and mitragynaline. Many of the complex effects of kratom are attributed to the alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, however other alkaloids may also work in concert with one another. With minimal affinity for the κ-opioid receptor, mitragynine and 7-HMG function as competitive antagonists of the δ-opioid receptor and partial agonists of the μ-opioid receptor. Compared to mitragynine, 7-HMG seems to have a greater affinity for the μ-opioid receptor. These substances exhibit functional selectivity and do not trigger the...
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